Cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) are the aromatic dried flower buds of the clove tree, a species of evergreen tree in the Myrtaceae family. Native to Indonesia, this plant has long been an important part of the world spice trade. Indonesian cloves were highly sought after by European and American nations who made spices their primary trade commodity.

Long History and Global Trade

Cloves originate from the Maluku Islands, Indonesia, and have been used for centuries in traditional cooking and medicine. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Indonesian cloves became a highly valuable commodity and became the cause of conflict between competing European powers for control of the spice trade. The unique aroma of Indonesian cloves made many people want them as raw materials for body-warming products, both in the form of food products and medicines in the form of oil. Until now, Indonesian cloves are still highly sought after by European countries such as France, the Netherlands, Portugal, and England. Now, the clove trade is very modern through export transactions from Indonesia to countries around the world.

Characteristics and Distinctive Aroma

Indonesian cloves have a strong, spicy, and warm aroma, with a touch of sweetness. The taste of cloves is generally also spicy and warm, with a slightly bitter taste. These dried flower buds are shaped like small nails with round heads, dark brown to black in color. The distinctive aroma of cloves can last quite a long time when extracted into oil or when burned as a complement to cigarettes.

Benefits of Indonesian Cloves for Health and Industry

Indonesian cloves have various health benefits, including:

• Antiseptic and Analgesic: Clove oil is often used to relieve toothache and muscle pain.
• Antioxidants: Cloves contain antioxidant compounds that can protect body cells from damage.
• Antibacterial and Antifungal: Cloves have antimicrobial properties that can help fight bacteria and fungi.

In addition to health, Indonesian cloves are also widely used in industry:

• Food and Beverages: As a spice in various dishes, cakes, drinks, and candies.
• Kretek Cigarettes: The main ingredient in making typical Indonesian kretek cigarettes.
• Cosmetics and Perfumes: As an ingredient in making perfumes, soaps, and lotions.
• Pharmaceuticals: Ingredients in making traditional and modern medicines.